Sunday, March 26, 2017

Annotated Bibilography

 Duparc, D. (2012). Information and Communication Technologies: Their Impact on Management and Key Functions to Adapt. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Management, Leadership & Governance, 141-147.
This paper by Dr. Duparc analyzes businesses that have adopted web 2.0 strategies and technology such as social media and blogs and how that impacts management. Digital tools can be defined according to three levels (a) collection and research information tools, (b) project management tools and (c) social media developed with the internet 2.0. This paper focuses on the social media because it offers the most interactivity with users.
Dr. Duparc is currently an HR Manager for Marketing, Sales & Merchandising for the makeup company L’OREAL France and has been in the human resource environment for over ten years. Dr. Duparc earned both her masters and doctoral from universities in Europe and she has also assisted at those schools in teaching production management.
This paper will help illuminate my topic because social media and digital technology has an impact on the structure of organizations and allows for new jobs to emerge as a cause of it. In today’s knowledge economy, managers seem to become coaches to their team and instead of pushing information, employees pull it. The coach must help his team to find the right knowledge at the right time, whether they are in front of each other or collaborating virtually. The intended audience would be for businesses and business professionals that have or are currently looking into digital technology for their own business. It explains how a manager must mediate between real-life managing versus in a virtual world.
Fonseca, C. (2010). The Digital Divide and the Cognitive Divide: Reflections on the Challenge of Human Development in the Digital Age. Information Technologies & International Development, 25-30.
This article by Clotilde Fonseca analyzes the impact that new technology has on human development. She also speaks about digital inclusion and its association with sustainable development. There is no doubt that technology has changed the way humans have developed. Some would say it has hindered and some would say that it has increased it exponentially.
Fonseca obtained her master’s degree from Harvard University in Public Administration. She was the Costa Rican Minister of Science and Technology from 2010-2011 while also continuing her teaching career at Costa Rica University. She has a strong and diverse professional experience in the academic, government, and non-profit sectors at the national and international levels.  She is the author of over 20 academic articles and book chapters published in Costa Rica and abroad and of over 70 general interest opinion publications in national newspapers.
The intended audience for this article would be teachers or anyone in the communication and technology field. Knowing how technology has impacted humans, whether good or bad, will help control and direct that technology towards the aspects that have helped in human development and understanding this will also help to illuminate my topic.


Haigh, T. (2014). We Have Never Been Digital. Communications Of The ACM, 57(9), 24-28. doi:10.1145/2644148
This article by Thomas Haigh is reflection on the concept of digital humanities. Haigh goes in depth on issues like the impact of digital technology on society, the notion that adoption of computer technology is a revolutionary moment in human history, and the endless possibilities offered by the Internet of Things.
Thomas Haigh has written many articles and books on topics such as (the history of) word processing, data base management systems, web browsers & email, web portals & search engines, gender and data processing, computer science, the software industry, and the political economy of the US computer industry. He has also written in-depth about the history of information technology. From 2011-2015, he took an opportunity to focus on the history of ENIAC and the origins of modern computing, which led to an MIT Press book ENIAC in action: Making and Remaking the Modern Computer. He is also a part time visiting professor at Siegen University in its School of Media and Information.
The intended audience for this article would be anyone interested in new age technology, social media, and/or the impact that it brings upon society. It will help illuminate my topic because it focuses in on the shifts in society because of technology and how our society has adapted to it.



Hendrix, P. E. (2014). How Digital Technologies Are Enabling Consumers and Transforming the Practice of Marketing. Journal Of Marketing Theory & Practice, 22(2), 149-150. doi:10.2753/MTP1069-6679220209
This article discusses the impact of digital technology on consumer behavior and the practice of marketing in a digital environment. It concludes that digital technology is redefining the roles of consumers, businesses, and society and that it is changing the traditional boundaries of self. It also focuses on digital technology’s impact like agile marketing, the internet in pockets, and word-of-mouth becoming social currency.
Dr. Hendrix is the founder and director of IMMR, a research-based consulting firm, an analyst with Gigaom Reasearch, and advisory to startups in digital and mobile. He holds a PhD in marketing and has taught at the University of Michigan as well as Emory University. Within the digital landscape, he focuses on innovation enabled by mobile, location, context, and data + analytics, while also helping his clients develop compelling value propositions, validate product-market fit, and accelerate growth.
This article will illuminate my topic by showing the shifts in society from a consumer’s perspective and the effects that social media has on marketing to consumers. Digital advertising has grown at a rate higher than traditional forms of advertising such as radio, print, and television and this article captures and explains that impact on everyday buyers and social media users. That is also who the intended audience would be for this article; the average consumer of both social media and of any sort of goods and service.

Hopkins, P., Hare, J., Donaghey, J., & Abbott, W. (2015). Geo, audio, video, photo: how digital convergence in mobile devices facilitates participatory culture in libraries. Australian Library Journal, 64(1), 11-22. doi:10.1080/00049670.2014.984379
With market saturation of smartphones and tablets and their associated apps, new affordances for content creation, curation and sharing show great potential to enhance participatory culture, especially in libraries. To deepen community engagement and social inclusion, libraries are adopting new technologies to facilitate a participatory and learning culture and are embracing these technology-rich apps to interact with their customers in many different ways and this paper explains just how.
Peta Hopkins, Joanna Hare, Jessie Donaghey, and Wendy Abbott are all professors at Bond University. Ms. Hopkins has extensive experience across academic and public libraries and a special interest in library technology and systems. Her past experience as an ICT project manager has excelled her in her role in digital library services. She works alongside Ms. Donaghey and Ms. Abott, in the library and digital services department at Bond University on top of their daily classes.
This paper will illuminate my topic my illustrating the impact that technology has had upon our society and culture especially in the library. It examines how libraries are taking up opportunities enables by the convergence of technologies into mobile devices in the participatory culture context – tapping into new communities, engaging with their stakeholders in meaningful ways, enhancing their social impact and transforming their essential roles in today’s knowledge society. The audience for this paper would definitely be the librarians who are looking to assimilate new media technology practices in their own libraries. This could also be intended for other educators who are also looking to utilize this technology in their own classrooms.
Kolodzy, J. (2013). Practicing convergence journalism: an introduction to cross-media storytelling. New York, NY: Routledge.
This book teaches journalists how to make the most of digital technology and how to use that technology to tell their stories effectively across multiple media platforms such as print, audio, video, and of course, online. Kolodzy focuses on multi-media and cross- media thinking, organizing, reporting, and producing for both short-form spot news and long-form features. This book focuses not only on specific technical practices, but on the principles of a good story, which in-turn helps journalists with the mindset and skills they need to adapt their writing and reporting for the tools of today and tomorrow.
Janet Kolodzy is an Associate Professor of Journalism at Emerson College and is also the author of Convergence Journalism: Writing and Reporting across the News Media. She has been a reporter, writer, and a producer for newspaper and broadcast news organizations.
This book will illuminate my topic by showing the impact that technology has made on journalist and their respective organizations. Traditional news included both long and short form content and these technologies will allow for both across multiple social media outlets. The audience for this book would be students in the new media and communication field as well as journalists who gather and report news.

Lesley, M., & Guzzetti, B. J. (2016). Handbook of Research on the Societal Impact of Digital Media. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.
In this handbook, Guzzetti and Lesley have created a reference source for recent technological developments in digital media and their many uses to literacy, education, and social settings. In an attempt to begin optimizing digital media in a classroom setting, this handbook is a direct aid for students, instructors, school administrators, and education policymakers by incorporating a variety of topics such as instant messaging, podcasts, video sharing, cell phone and tablet applications, e-discussion lists, e-zines, e- books, e-textiles, virtual worlds, social networking, cyberbullying, and the ethical issues associated with these new technologies; bringing together the evolution of digital media and the enhanced global perspectives in all facets of communication.
Dr. Mellinee Lesley is a professor in the Language, Diversity, & Literacy Studies program as well as the Associate Dean of Graduate Education and Research for the College of Education at Texas Tech University. Dr. Lesley’s current research projects are focused on the ways new media shape enactments of identity. She has expertise in adolescent literacy, content area literacy, writing pedagogy, developmental literacy, critical literacy, and has over thirty academic publications including 3 books. Dr. Barbara Guzzetti is a professor in the New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Humanities Arts & Cultural Studies at Arizona State University. Her current research and teaching is focused on new media, in particular participatory or Do-It-Yourself (DIY) media. Her publications on new media have appeared in journals such as E-Learning and Digital Media; the Reading Research Quarterly, Research in the Teaching of English and the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy.
The intended audiences for this handbook are students, instructors, school administrators, and education policy makers who hope to increase and optimize classroom incorporation of digital media. This handbook is going to be help illuminate my topic by showing these new technologies in practice and how they impact our communication and moreover, our learning. This handbook will help to show the impact that technology has had on other technology, on the media, and in the culture of learning. It also will help to show how our communicators and teachers should begin training in these different areas in order to teach these methods properly.

Lu, K., & Holcomb, J. (2016, June 15). Digital News Audience: Fact Sheet. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/digital-news-audience-fact-sheet/
This article, by Kristine Lu and Jesse Holcomb, explains the shape of digital news and its audience. It shows statistics on the percentage of adults who have switched from traditional news to digital news and why. It shows a study on mobile traffic compared to desktop traffic and how it has risen with the increase in digital technology. It also includes statistics on which new media platform people use the most in relation to age.
Jesse Holcomb is an associate director of research at Pew Research Center and is an expert on the information revolution and more importantly, its impact on journalism and the public. He is an author of studies on the changing news ecosystem, non-profit news, the use of social media in journalism, and media coverage of religion.
This article will help illuminate my topic by showing hard statistics and backing up the claims on how technology has shifted our society and culture as a whole. It gives evidence as to where people are running to obtain their news and the platforms they are using to find it. Since the studies performed included a variety of age groups, the audience of this paper would be anyone that has an interest in the news, how it’s broadcasted and scripted, and how it’s obtainable. Also any professor that may be teaching these changes in journalism as a result of new media technology.

Moawad, G. A., & Ebrahem, G. S. (2016). The Relationship between Use of Technology and Parent-Adolescents Social Relationship. Journal Of Education And Practice, 7(14), 168- 178.
This article by G.A. Moawad and G.S. Ebrahem speaks about the use of digital technology in the lives of adolescents and the effect that is has on the relationship between them and their parents. Adolescents spend countless hours a day using devices such as the internet, cell phones, smart phones, and video games and it is affecting their social interactions that eventually develop into in-person relationships. A good parent- teen relationship is important for adolescent health and development so a descriptive correlation study was performed to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ use of technology and their parent’ social relationship.
Gawhara Gad Soliman Ebrahem is an Assistant Lecturer of Pediatric Nursing/Faculty of Nursing at Mansoura University.
The intended audience for this particular study and article as a whole is for both parents and adolescent/children. The study included 230 students, 92 boys and 138 girls, ranging from 12 – 18 years in age. Being that the study was just performed on the adolescents, the results were presented in such a way as so that the parent could form a conclusion and make a change, so that would lean the audience more towards the parents. The study recommended that parents need to educate themselves about social media and the ways their teens may use it, as well as the common risks, to help them understand and navigate the technologies. This will help illuminate my topic by showing how technology has changed our society and our culture.

O'Sullivan, J., & Heinonen, A. (2008). Old Values, New Media. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 357- 371. doi:10.1080/17512780802281081
This article focuses on the issues and opportunities that are present as a result of new media ecology and its additional agendas of interactivity, democracy, multimediality, and the new domain of bloggers and citizens that make self-reporting an everyday thing.   European journalists in 111 countries were asked to respond to questions concerning these developments and the results highlighted some of the tensions between traditional journalism, rooted in old media, and the new perceptions, expectations, and pressures of digital journalism in an increasingly inter-connected media system.
John O’Sullivan is a former editor of National Review and is current president of the Danube Institute. He has served as London correspondent for Irish television and radio; assistant editor and parliamentary sketch-writer for the London Daily Telegraph; editor of the New York Post and the London Times. In 1980, Mr. O’Sullivan was appointed a special advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for whom he also wrote speeches and is the author of “The President, the Pope and the Prime Minister: Three Who Changed the World” which has been published in seven languages. He was just recently appointed editor of the distinguished Australian journal, Quadrant, in Sydney, Australia.
This article will help illuminate my topic by clearing describing the issues that have come about as a result of new media technologies and self-journalism. By interviewing journalists that have felt the impact in their careers and getting their honest opinions, the evidence is clear on what the problems are and how they came about. Being able to dissect the origins of a problem always helps in fixing the problem so this article is instrumental in that. The audience of the article would be any media professional, especially journalists, who are experiencing these issues and want to do something to change it and/or remain as ethical as possible. Sometimes being first means you are not 100% correct, and in a journalist’s case, anything less than 100% accuracy is 100% unethical, and this article explains how.

Salman, A., Ibrahim, F., Yusof Hj.Abdullah, M., Mustaffa, N., & Mahbob, M. H. (2011). The Impact of New Media on Traditional Mainstream Mass Media. Innovation Journal, 16(3), 1-11.
Just as the radio did not replace newspapers and television, this paper argues that the presence of the internet will not replace newspapers. It analyzes the present situation of conventional media, especially print newspapers to determine the current and future impact that it will endure. It compares the United States drop in print newspaper circulation to Malaysia and how there is still a huge market for the newspaper and how they have aligned the two to coexist and reinforce each other.
Dr. Salman, Dr. Ibrahim, Dr. Abdullah, Dr. Mustaffa, and Mr. Mahbob are all faculty at the National University of Malaysia. Their areas of interest include digital inclusion, the digital divide, factors affecting technology acceptance and sustainability, media ethics and media management, ICT, development communication, visual communication, and audience perception of media credibility. They each hold various chairperson roles at the University.
This paper will illuminate my topic by showing the effects that new media and technology has had on the mass media environment and the changes that have occurred. It also gives an example of a country that has been able to maintain a high demand for their traditional media while also utilizing new technology to work in conjunction. The audience for this paper would be anybody studying the impact of new media and technology on traditional media and any journalist who is looking to assimilate into a new media environment. The two do not have to cancel each other out and can actually coexist and help each other out, and this paper explains how.

Skaržauskiené, A., Tamosiûnaitè, R., & Žaléniené, I. (2013). Defining Social Technologies: evaluation of social collaboration tools and technologies. Electronic Journal Of Information Systems Evaluation, 16(3), 232-241.
This paper introduces the term “social technology” which refers to digital social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. It emphasizes social sciences and the humanities as society shapers, reconsiders the strength of social dimension in technological sciences. Social networking sites have indeed shifted society and this paper aims to provide insight into the concept of social technologies and to develop its meaning in information and knowledge society by evaluating social collaboration tools and technology.
Dr. Skarzauskiene is a professor at Mykolas Romeris University. She is an initiator and scientific leader of a research program for social technologies and European-Asian knowledge consortium at MRU. Her research field is application of new technologies in different fields of society life focusing on innovative leadership and management approaches in knowledge society and is based on principles of system theory, scientific research publications cover the topics of collective intelligence, online communities, clusters and networked organizations.
This paper will help illuminate my topic by helping to better understand the shifts in society that digital technology has brought about. The paper also includes scale research project in which it presents effects’ relation analysis with particular social collaboration tools and technologies. The audience of this paper would be any educator that is teaching new media and technology practices and any person that is studying society and culture in relation to digital technology.

Tadej, P. (2016). DIGITALIZATION AND NEW MEDIA LANDSCAPE. IIASS : Innovative Issues And Approaches In Social Sciences , Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 85-99 (2016), (2), 85. doi:10.12959/issn.1855-0541.IIASS-2016-no2-art5
This article dissects the role of social media and sketches some global trends within the field of new media. It also outlines the basic characteristics of traditional mass communication and consumption of media products, and as a counter-part presents interactive nature of a new media and the phenomena of user-generated media contents. It also speaks on how digitalization and the growth of social media has challenged the news industry and how it has sped up the process of media production with journalists being faced with a lack of time. Tadej Praprotnik has 127 works in 133 publications in two languages and 208 library holdings.
This article will help illuminate my topic by showing how digitalization and social media has changed the way journalists operate and the limitations that this new digital news has. It explains the positive and negative consequences of digitalization on the media landscape and why journalists are now pushed for time and also pushed for validity. The audience of this article would be journalists, news media organizations, and interested people that may have been questioning the way that digital news is being presented.
Vickers, R., Field, J., & Melakoski, C. (2015). Media Culture 2020: Collaborative Teaching and Blended Learning Using Social Media and Cloud-Based Technologies. Contemporary Educational Technology, 6(1), 62-73.
This article illustrates an innovative project that took place in five universities across Europe known as “Media Culture 2020.” It combined skills and forced the students to develop new practices that would face the challenges of the convergence of digital media by taking full advantage of social media and cloud-based technologies with the aim at demonstrating what 21st century converged and interactive European media culture would be in comparison to the broadcasting based one-way 20th century model. By creating virtual learning environments where students from different countries and fields could explore and learn together, Media Culture 2020 was able to develop innovative digital learning environments that considered new forms of production, transmission, and representation of knowledge.
Richard Vickers has been Regional Director of North America Operations at Michael Page International plc since 2012. For over 17 years, he has played a key role in shaping and growing Michael Page both in the UK and North America. James Field is a technology lawyer who has also worked with tech companies such as Fitbit, Twitch, and Amazon. Cai Melakoski is head of the degree program in media at Tampere University of Applied Sciences in Finland. He was one of the first to start multi-media education in Finland and is a board member of the European Academy of Digital Media.
This article will help illuminate my topic by showing a recent study of college students utilizing new media and cloud-based technology such as Facebook, Google+, Google Hangout, Google Docs, and Blogger in the collaborative development, management, and delivery of the project. This could be an introduction to classrooms and professors all across the world into how they could also begin to utilize new technology in their own teachings. Online classes have become more and more popular each year so this is also an area where this technology would be useful. The audience of this article would be the college and high school professors that are looking into new media technology’s impact on student’s learning abilities and how they can begin instrumenting it.

Each one of these sources will also help in my topic because the authors are from different areas in the world. They each are able to provide their own knowledge and perspective on new media and its impact based upon their respective geographic location. From the 14 sources, there are areas of study from Germany, Malaysia, Australia, Egypt, Costa Rica, France, Slovenia, Finland, and the United States. They will each play an important role in examining how technology and culture has changed with modern media in terms of mass media, social media, technology development, and shifts within society.

Sunday, March 5, 2017

How Technology in Mass Media Has Changed Society's Expectation and Culture

Formulate Opinions and Ideas



People buy whatever they are being told from the media. How powerful is that? “Mass media has changed the dynamics of the society for the worse. The greatest power of mass media is social persuasion” (Murshed, n.d.). That is exactly what the graphic above represents. A grown man is sitting there being spoon fed by the media. The media has the ability to find a weakness in people and exploit it while at the same time those people are thinking they are being helped.

The media has taken this and leveraged itself to become a sort of “checks and balances” between the transfer of information and the general viewers in society. The only bad thing about that is that even the modern day media can be manipulated. This will cause the media to focus its attention on the small social issues, magnifying them to be a lot bigger and of more importance than necessary while the real issues get neglected. This sort of “brain-washing effect comes from a society that is waiting to be spoon fed any information without fact checking or looking for additional sources. We have gotten so used to listening to whatever someone says to us and following blindly.



Reference:
Murshed, M. (n.d.). Mass Media and Its Influence. Retrieved March 05, 2017, from http://www.academia.edu/4188608/Mass_Media_and_Its_Influence

How Technology in Mass Media Has Changed Society's Expectation and Culture

Easy To Gather Important Information

“Mass media, as the term itself suggests, is a mode of mass communication that links all individuals within a society through dissemination of information via use of technology” (Murshed, n.d.). Mass media technology has allowed people from anywhere in the world to stay connected with current events. The only way that people are able to learn about undeveloped countries is from the use of new technology and vice-versa. We are able to obtain information on a local, state, national, and global level. This is important for events such as natural disasters. Instead of being in the dark and not knowing the impact of say a hurricane, new technology has allowed users to follow the hurricane and see its devastation allowing us to further prepare for these type of instances.



After reviewing the History of Advertising graphic, I believe that from furthering technology it has enabled advertising and other information to find us as opposed to us seeking it out. We would use to have to find something in the newspaper or hear it on the radio or in a television commercial. Then came email, smartphones, and social media where ads are specifically targeted to a certain demographic or audience and placed for the person to see. This has shaped society’s expectations of the news and media because they are expecting to be delivered the stuff that they are interested in.

Reference:

Murshed, M. (n.d.). Mass Media and Its Influence. Retrieved March 05, 2017, from http://www.academia.edu/4188608/Mass_Media_and_Its_Influence

How Technology in Mass Media Has Changed Society's Expectation and Culture

Easy To Connect With People


No, while Alexander Graham Bell may not have invented that specific rotary phone, his technology and patent for the telephone was a game changer and truly changed society’s expectations of technology. As you can see, kids these days had no idea how to use the rotary telephone but the foundation is still the same and one that eventually led to the creation of smartphones….which I’m sure each one of those kids can use without flaw. The telephone allows people to easily connect with others and those expectations have grown exponentially the more technology grows. We now have smartphones over landlines and can take a conversation wherever we go. Instead of meeting face to face, we now have Facetime and Skype applications that allows us to see the person that we are speaking with in real time. Even something as simple as text messages and email has taken the place over phone calls and paper mail or fax. People demand to connect in any way possible because of technology. “Needless to say, the nearly nine million views of the YouTube video demonstrates how many people are affected, indeed ambivalent, about the painfully evident gap in our society; a gap caused by the evolution of mass media” (Rodriguez, 2015).

As the Industrial Revolution essentially paved the way for more efficient manufacturing and the creation of new machines which also helped revitalize infrastructure and a more dependable transportation network in Britain, so has the Information Age changed the path for people to communicate in today's time. "Technology has given people the tools to do their jobs at home. People are also forging new communities in cyberspace and developing new relationships with their neighbors in real space. Arguable, technology has the potential to increase individual freedom and strengthen community - even though so many people argue it does neither at the moment" (Ayers, n.d.) Those very same people that have the disbelief in what it has the potential to do are the very same ones that are wandering around aimlessly letting anything and everything on their phones dictate how they perceive the world. With people like that technology will never get to the potential that it has.

Reference:

Ayers, S. (n.d.). 99.07.07: The Cultural Impact of Computer Technology. Retrieved March 06, 2017, from http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1999/7/99.07.07.x.html

Rodriguez, K. (2015, November 30). Effects of Mass Media on Society: How Media Convergence Changed Our World . Retrieved March 5, 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/effects-mass-media-society-how-convergence-changed-our-rodriguez

Tuesday, February 7, 2017

How Technology has Changed the Work of Communicators and the Training they Need

                                                             PR in a Digital World


          Social media has indeed broadened an organization’s accessibility, but it hasn’t come without challenges. Public relations officials must be very diligent in the way that they communicate with outsiders of the organization. Before social media, any outside communication was left strictly to a PR representative. Now outsiders have the ability to use social media to reach out to senior managers in an attempt at avoiding the middle man and that leaves them vulnerable to misrepresentation. This could happen anytime a senior manager interacted with stakeholders, the media, and the public. In terms of accessibility, Microsoft, along with other brands like Nike, offers a support system on Twitter that consumers can ask for feedback on and have responses. “I feel it’s a fantastic way of using social to both deliver customer service and drive brand loyalty, though it obviously requires a huge investment in staff and training” (Moth, 2013).

          With the acceleration of smart phone and smart devices along with self or real time reporting, PR managers have to educate and monitor everyone in an organization and develop crisis communication plans if a negative, embarrassing, or completely wrong piece of news goes viral through social media. There must be training done for all employees on the uses of social media in relation to internal conflicts as well as maintaining a positive online brand image that is a good reflection on the company. Employees must know not to speak about company relations on social media and to leave that up to the professional in charge.

           From seeing the powerful and immediate impact that Twitter can bring, leads to a 2011 example between then Pittsburgh Steelers football player Rashard Mendenhall and Hanesbrand, Inc. Hanesbrands and Mendenhall were in a talent agreement at the time of the tweets as Mendenhall was under an endorsement contract with them. Mendenhall had been on record prior to this specific incident stating that he uses Twitter to “be himself, to express his opinions, and to foster debate on controversial and non-controversial issues” but after issuing a “series of tweets concerning the public celebrations of Osama bin Laden’s death” (Chaney & Liebler, 2014), Hanesbrands, Inc. decided to terminate his exclusive endorsement contract. A few of the tweets read: “What kind of person celebrates death? It’s amazing how people can HATE a man they never even heard speak. We’ve only heard one side… For those of you who said we want to see Bin Laden burn in hell and piss on his ashes, I ask how would God feel about your heart? There is not an ignorant bone in my body. I just encourage you to #think… We’ll never know what really happened.  I just have a hard time believing a plane could take a skyscraper down demolition style” (Chaney & Liebler, 2014). Hanesbrand viewed these tweets as causing a public outrage or scandal, and per their contract where it stated that if Mendenhall commits or becomes involved in a public dispute, scandal, or insults the public or any protected class, then termination will take effect. Hanesbrand released a statement afterwards that elaborated on their view of Mendenhall’s breach of the morals clause in which they stated that their company supports the armed forces and the decisions of America in response to the terror attacks. Although they stated that they respected Mendenhall’s right to express his thoughts, those thoughts did indeed violate their contract. The ethical implication here is that while people do have the freedom of speech listed in our constitution, they still have to abide by the rules and guidelines set forth by their employers. 

Rashard Mendenhall Tweet 1
Rashard Mendenhall Tweet 2
Rashard Mendenhall Tweet 3

Rashard did make a small attempt at saving face and furthering his own PR through these tweets shortly after:

Rashard Mendenhall Tweet 4
Rashard Mendenhall Tweet 5


But shortly after those, on that same day, this tweet came out:

Rashard Mendenhall Tweet 6

Possibly a jab at Hanesbrand?



Reference:

Liebler, R., & Chaney, K. (2014). Here We Are Now, Entertain Us: Defining the Line Between Personal and Professional Context on Social Media. Pace Law Review, 35(1), 398-545.





How Technology has Changed the Work of Communicators and the Training they Need

             If You're Not First You're Last and If You're Not Fast You'll Never Be First

            “The new media ecology, with its additional agendas of interactivity, democracy, multimediality, and with a new domain of bloggers and citizen reporters, presents a set of issues and opportunities that extend beyond familiar boundaries” (O’Sullivan & Heinonen, 2008). This has been the message relayed and is somewhat the basic way of life now. It’s a fast and first world that we live in and it provides great opportunities for amateur journalists to get their feet wet while also providing instantaneous news to viewers. The uses of social media and video have completely revolutionized the way journalist and news organizations operate. Sites such as YouTube, Flickr, Twitter, and Facebook allow users to instantly upload text, video, pictures, audio, and also allows for live video feed so that viewers can instantly see the story or event taking place. This is ideal in a time where people want information and want it right away, they are able to go to these sites and gather that information immediately. “Now, anyone can commit a random act of journalism instantly by posting information and pictures. As such, professional journalists should promote their strengths, such as their credibility and reliability, so they can deliver the instant and accurate news that audiences demand and depend on” (Kolodzy, 2013). With the benefits of being fast and first also come the ethical implication of being incorrect, misleading, or unethical altogether because people often times lose their ethical thinking in order to be first which is a huge dilemma. “They will have to rely on the benefits of different media – words, still pictures, audio, video – to provide the best aspects of the story to the news audience. Journalists will also need to be open and transparent in terms of limitations. Whether they are reporting via Twitter 10 minutes after arriving at the scene of a car crash or four hours after sitting in on a town-hall meeting, the tried-and-true aspects of good journalism all come into play in reporting for a mobile, digital, and interactive news audience” (Kolodzy, 2013).

            This “fast and first mentality” because of technology has also brought about an increase in training for communicators and in particular, journalists, to better equip them. Ethical writing and publishing training must be a vital part in any news organization. With the rise of self-journalism and people being able to create just about anything that want and publish it online, the news organizations must stick to the basic principles of journalism and deliver the facts in the same way that they were given. Journalists need training in remaining true and ethical but also people outside of news organizations need training on digital media literacy so that they will be conscious of the content that they are reading and look for proper sources to verify if the information is legitimate or not. They will look for other articles that defend what they are reading so they can take what they are reading as the truth.

          What quicker way to be fast and first then to go live? The Facebook Live function allows any Facebook user to instantly begin recording a video from wherever they are and have it be recorded live on Facebook for everyone to see. This is the revolution to self-journalism and broadcasting because instead of waiting for the 6 'clock segment of Sports Center to watch the New England Patriots home coming parade for winning the Super Bowl, it was recorded live on Facebook, as if the viewer were right there in the action.


Or how about being able to follow your favorite celebrities and get to dive into their awesome lives. Like Harry Connick Jr recording a Facebook Live video of himself on the sidelines of the Super Bowl watching the players warm up.


Reference:

Kolodzy, J. (2013). Practicing Convergence Journalism: an introduction to cross-media storytelling. New York, NY: Routledge.

O'Sullivan, J., & Heinonen, A. (2008). Old Values, New Media. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 357-371. doi:10.1080/17512780802281081

How Technology has Changed the Work of Communicators and the Training they Need

From Traditional to Digital       

           “They will have to rely on the benefits of different media – words, still pictures, audio, video – to provide the best aspects of the story to the news audience” (Kolodzy, 2013). This is essentially the benefits of utilizing technology in the media. No longer are there just words on a page advertising a company’s product. Instead, the company is now able to record a video of the product in action, instantly upload, and advertise that to their consumers through social media. “As digital audiences expand and move beyond news websites to social media, mobile apps, podcasting, and even email newsletters, news publishers are making an effort to be in those places as well” (Lu & Holcomb, 2016). According to the Pew Research Center, in 2015 total digital ad spending grew 20% or about $60 billion, but the traditional news journalism companies were not the primary beneficiaries. 65% of that revenue was dispersed among the big tech companies that rely heavily on basically digital everything; Facebook, Google, Yahoo, and Twitter. Traditional print newspaper organizations did not wait around once they began to see a drop in newspaper sales because of digital and mobile devices. They did the only thing they knew to do; translate their daily print articles into daily digital articles on their website. Because these articles were easily accessible from a mobile device or tablet, readers dropped the hard copy and began accessing it from those devices. This also led to a decrease in desktop use because people can now access news and apps directly from their phones. The Pew Research Center analyzed 110 media outlets and of those, 99 of them experienced an increase in unique visitors on mobile devices as opposed to visitors on desktops to their sites. In fact in 2015, majority viewership increased by more than half among the 50 highest circulating daily newspapers whose digital traffic was mobile.

            This technology has also brought about an increase in training for communicators to better equip them for the digital world. Journalist must now be able to write copy, film live or pre-recorded footage, edit tape, remain ethical in their content, and be the first to publish. Training on remaining honest, ethical, and justified is the most important because in a fast and first world, some journalists would rather be the first to break a story whether their facts are correct or not, which is wrong. Also being able to translate a long-form article into a short-form article is important as well. Some social sites only allow so many words so being able to chop up a story without changing the meaning of the story is crucial.

            One example of how a company utilizes social media to promote their services and ways of life is Red Bull’s 2015 campaign called Up Close and Personal. Red Bull is an energy drink but one of their main purposes is to get people out and about in the environment and to find their own outdoor thrills. The campaign was a sequence of photographs shot by a GoPro camera of wild animals up close and personal in their natural habitat. Where these images may not show the actual Red Bull energy drink, they do show the outdoors and animals which is part of their mission as well. For any outdoor junky or animal lover, or just anyone who likes cool pictures, this would be great advertising for them.



The next image and link below leads to another Pew Research Center survey that shows the percentage of adults who get their news from specific outlets.






Red Bull strives to provide insight into peoples lives. They want to show people just how cool and energetic life can be. Red Bull is more than just an energy drink and that is clear from their messaging through social media. They look to promote their brand and not just their drink. By showcasing amazing scenes with amazing people doing amazing stuff can change someones life. They represent what the people in the video below represent, motivation to be active and adventurous.

                                                                              http://linkhumans.com/case-study/red-bull

  

Reference:
Kolodzy, J. (2013). Practicing Convergence Journalism: an introduction to cross-media storytelling. New York, NY: Routledge.

Lu, K., & Holcomb, J. (2016, June 15). Digital News Audience: Fact Sheet. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/digital-news-audience-fact-sheet/

Sampiero, L. P. (2015, April 09). How'd They Get Those Pictures of Scary Animals? Retrieved    February 07, 2017, from http://www.redbull.com/us/en/adventure/stories/1331716075347/how-did-they-get-these- photos